What does an orbit plot represent in the context of vibration analysis?

An orbit plot provides a visual representation of the movement of a point in a rotating machine component, most commonly the path traced by the tip of a rotating shaft. This type of plot illustrates the motion dynamics of the shaft under various operating conditions, highlighting anomalies such as misalignment, imbalance, or other mechanical issues. By analyzing the shape and characteristics of the orbit, engineers can deduce critical information about the health of the machine.

In vibration analysis, orbit plots are crucial for diagnosing problems related to shaft behavior, as they show how the vibration data correlates to the mechanical geometry and kinematics of the equipment. They help identify specific issues that might affect machine performance, which can guide maintenance and repair decisions to ensure operational efficiency and longevity.